Logistics And Supply Chain Management Essay - 1779 Words

Logistics Supply Chain Management YourFirstName YourLastName University title Abstract For any production and distribution to be successful, then it should be able to produce quality goods and products. It should also ensure that the goods get to the customer in good condition and on time among others. This is achieved through efficient and effective production and distribution logistics. Customer orders may face delays in delivery and therefore not meeting customer satisfaction, which could cause problems with customer retention. Analysis of data helps in coming up with the best actions that a manager or a CEO should take. This paper seeks to discover the factors that affect distribution in any given organization. SECTION I: INTRODUCTION Hymur Limited deals with the production of coolers that are used for outdoor picnics.That said, the production as well as distribution of these products are carried out in a facility situated on the East Coast. Due to low density products and high shipment rates, the company has challenges delivering and reaching the West Coast. Currently, the company ships products from the East Coast center of distribution and the East Coast facility to the West Coast and this is challenging. The company can adopt other alternatives such as giving a contract to another company to do the distribution to the West Coast on its behalf or establish a production and a distribution facility on the West Coast. Having multipleShow MoreRelatedLogistics And Supply Chain Management1033 Words   |  5 PagesLogistics and supply chain management is an important aspect of a firm’s strategy for the business to achieve success by creating value throughout the logistics and supply cha in. The research paper will outline the concepts that are involved in creating the logistics and supply management framework. The logistics and supply chain management strategies will drive success for the company towards fulfilling and supporting customer needs, procurement and manufacturing operations of the firm. This researchRead MoreLogistics and Supply Chain Management2341 Words   |  10 Pageshighly competitive situation in order to survive; Supply Chain Management (SCM) becoming the main topic for improving efficiency and satisfy customer’s need. The supply chain of a company consists of different departments, ranging from procurement of materials to customer service. Supply chain management means transforming a company’s â€Å"supply chain† into an optimally efficient, customer-satisfying process, where the effectively of the whole supply chain is more important than the effectiveness of eachRead MoreLogistics: Management and Supply Chain1566 Words   |  7 PagesMinor Logistics Operations Presentatie titel MIRBSLM114OP N.J. Osentoski-Monsma A. Nielsen-de Vries Lecturers Logistics Room D2.173 osenj@hr.nl / vriad@hr.nl Rotterdam, 00 januari 2007 6-1 Corporate strategy Business strategy Operations Strategy Mission Objectives (cost, quality, flexibility, delivery) Functional strategies in marketing, finance, engineering, human resources, and information systems Strategic Decisions (process, quality system, capacity, andRead MoreSupply Chain And Logistics Management1295 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction What is supply chain and logistics? Supply chain management involves various activities from acquisition of raw material to distribution of final goods while logistics involves only transportation of goods. Supply chain plays integral role in business process without effective supply chain management an organization cannot meet its demands on time. So it plays crucial role in business activities. Following activities are involved in supply chain management 1. Procurement 2. ProductionRead MoreLogistics And Supply Chain Management1379 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology and the consulting firms that service them, they are scrambling to hire people with Supply Chain expertise, but these experts are hard to come by. Supply Chain Management has moved from a necessary evil to a core competency at companies across industries. I am applying for admission to the Master of Logistics and Supply Chain Management because I want a career in the Supply Chain Management. In particular, I am interested in factors that affect the competitive performance of a businessRead MoreSupply Chain Management And Logistics Essay1877 Words   |  8 PagesSupply Chain management and logistics are an extremely important functions of an organization. In this research paper, we will be discussing an aspect of supply chain and logistics that I am interested in, how both are related and different, key activities in supply chain and logistics, and the ethics and social responsibility in both supply chain and logistics management. Logistics is a vital component of supply chain management. Both involve the planning, carrying out and management of goodsRead MoreLogistics and Supply Chain Management1168 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Do the terms, ‘logistics management’ and ‘supply chain management’ have the same meaning in operations and why logistics management might be of strategic importance to a manufacturing or service organisation. During last two decades, the importance of logistics has been noticed around the world. In global markets, the effects and further developments of logistics and supply chain management for corporate success has increased significantly that result in a large amount of companies haveRead MoreLogistics Management And Supply Chain Management1125 Words   |  5 Pages Aero Marine Logistics Tomer Dicturel California InterContinental University Aero Marine Logistics Introduction During last two decades, the importance of logistics has been noticed around the world. In global markets, the effects and further developments of logistics and supply chain management for corporate success has increased significantly that result in a large amount of companies have taken actual benefits in logistics, such as reducing costs, enhancing customers satisfactionRead MoreLogistics and Supply Chain Management1186 Words   |  5 PagesWhat logistics management? b. State the six rights in an effective logistics management system. Logistics is defined as process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose conforming to customer requirement, which also includes the inbound, outbound, internal, and external movements and return of materials for environmental purposes. Logistics Management is theRead MoreLogistic and Supply Chain Management3353 Words   |  14 PagesRMIT INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY VIETNAM Introduction to Logistic and Supply Chain Management Individual Case Study NAME: Tran Thi Kim Mai ID Number: s3231137 LECTURE: JAMIE CALBETO-Group 10 Bachelor of Commerce Program ASSIGNMENT COVER PAGE Your assessment will not be accepted unless all fields below are completed Subject Code: OMGT2085 Subject Name: Introduction to Logistics Supply Chain Management Location where you study: RMIT Vietnam – SGS Title of Assignment:

President James Madison Essay - 1381 Words

President James Madison James Madison, (1751-1836), 4th President of the United States of America. Although he served eight years each as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, as secretary of state, and as president, Madisons principal contribution to the founding of the United States was as Father of the Constitution. Madisons place among the Founding Fathers reveals the essential qualities of his public career. Jefferson had a superior vision of the potential for life under republican government, a greater capacity for leadership, and a special gift for the memorable phrase, but Madison had a more subtle and incisive political sense. Madisons ancestors, probably all from England, settled in Virginia along the†¦show more content†¦He also attacked Patrick Henry, who did not believe that the Constitution fully protected Virginia and its people, in dramatic and finally successful debate at the Virginia ratifying convention . Madison and Jefferson viewed republican government as resting on the virtues of the people, sustained by the self-reliance of an agricultural economy and the benefits of public education, with government itself remaining mild and responsive to grass-roots impulses. This attitude became the foundation of the Democratic-Republican Party, which was fundamentally at odds with Hamiltons concept of a strong central government. Madison and Jefferson then seized on widespread public sympathy for Frances expansive, revolutionary exploits to promote republican sentiment in the United States. Madison bitterly opposed Jays Treaty, feeling that it made the United States dependent on England and in fact tied America to the corrupt power-politics diplomacy of the Old World. With the final ratification of Jays Treaty, Madison felt that a commercial junta that cared very little for the republican character of the nation had gained control. The war-like attitude toward France of President John Adams, administration alarmed Madison. The XYZ AFFAIR brought the United States and France close to war. During the continiuous turmoil in the United States, theShow MoreRelatedJames Madison : The First President Of The United States991 Words   |  4 Pages James Madison was the smallest elected president of the United States; he measured 5 feet 4 inches and weighing less than 100 pounds. He was born on March 16, 1751 in Port Conway, Virginia. Madison Jr. was born in a family where tobacco planting was the main resource of income. His father James Madison Sr., owned a huge tobacco plantation with his mother Nelly Conway. Madison was the oldest of 10 children, and as a young kid he suffered from psychosomatic, epilepsy, and voice impairmentRead MoreThe War Of 1812 By President James Madison812 Words   |  4 Pages On June 1. 1812, President James Madison submitted a war message to the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States. This message Madison submitted describes how the British have been violating the American flag. It also in tells how the British violated neutrality rights in United States. The Americans also complained of dealing with British ships in American waters. The Americans were angry of the seizure of the American sailors to join the Royal Navy. Madison believed this warRead MoreJames Madison s View On The President864 Words   |  4 PagesJames Madison s view on the president, that he or she is the head of the branch most prone to engage in the dealings of war, has been substantially manifested in the degree to which the executive has taken war power from Congress. In Article I Section 8 of the Constitution, Congress is stated to have the power to â€Å"declare War,† to â€Å"raise and support Armies,† and to â€Å"provide and maintain a Navy. † By explicitly listing these powers to be reserved for Congress, the Framers exemplified their preferenceRead MoreThe First Five Presidents Of The United States Essay1596 Words   |  7 PagesThe first five presidents of the United States impacted the United States greatly and their names were George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe. The president I think that impacted the U.S the most was George Washington who was in office for eight years (1789-1797). George Washington who was the commander in chief and led the army in the Revolutionary War and gained freedom from Great Britain at that time there was thirteen colonies in the United States. InRead MoreJames Madison : The Oldest Of 12 Children1139 Words   |  5 PagesJames Madison, born in 1751 in Orange County, Virginia, was America’s fourth president, he served from 1809 - 1817. He wrote The Federalist Paper, with John Jay and Alexander Hamilton. Many people referred to hi m as The Father of The Constitution because of his many contributions to the ratification of the Constitution. James Madison was the oldest of 12 children. In 1762 he was sent to a boarding school. When he returned home, his father got him a private tutor because he was concerned about hisRead MoreThe Life Of James Madison Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pages The Life of James Madison Madison Williams Central High School November 9, 2015 3rd Period  Abstract In my paper I will state and explain the least known aspects of James Madison. James Madison contributed to some of the most simple and complex events that have not been recognized. For his job well done, I am willing to make those aspects known. The Life of James Madison James Madison, also known as â€Å"The Father on the Constitution†, contributed to quite a few intellectual eventsRead MoreThe Life and Accomplishments of James Madison995 Words   |  4 PagesJames Madison was born in Port Conway, Virginia on March 16th, 1751. Madison received an education at the college of New Jersey and graduated in 1771. He studied Latin, geography, and Philosophy. In 1774 he joined the local committee of safety which was a patriot group that monitored the actions of the local militia. Two years later Madison became a delegate in the Virginia convention and took part in the framing of the Virginia constitution. During the general election for delegates in the stateRead MoreThe Presidency of James Madison1497 Words   |  6 Pages President James Madison held the white house office from 1808-1816. During his tenure he had to deal with the ramifications of his policies from when he was Secretary of State under Thomas Jefferson and The War of 1812. These two major points are what shaped most of his presidential terms. It was his second term that helped with the postwar expansion of America and the split in the Democratic Party system. It was also during his second term that he helped America gain it’s economic independenceRead MoreGeorge Washington, John Adams, And Thomas Jefferson1322 Words   |  6 Pagesthis a list of US Presidents but it is also a list of three of the most well-known Founding Fathers. Yes, they have their reasons to be because each one of them have numerous achievements and have accomplished many things that others have not. But one Founding Father often over looked, and not just because he stands five feet four inches tall, is James Madison. With all due respect, James Madison has a ccomplishments that stand just as well against the test of time. James Madison to me is one of theRead MoreThe First Five Presidents Of The United States1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe first five presidents for the United States impacted the United States greatly and their names were George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe. The president I think that impacted the U.S the most was George Washington who was in office for eight years (1789-1797). George Washington who was the commander in chief and led the army in the Revolutionary War and gained freedom from Great Britain at that time there was thirteen colonies in the United States. In

Commonwealth Bank of Australia

Question: Write a report on "Commonwealth Bank of Australia". Answer: Introduction This report aims at describing how the auditing aspects affects Commonwealth Bank of Australia and the way they are related to the operations of this multinational organisation. However, not all the aspects are linked to the company and therefore only those which affect this particular company are discussed. The aspects discussed in this case are: The role of audit committee, ethics, the role of internal and external controls, the audit expectation gap, auditing planning and finally audit evidence (Fischer, 2010). Commonwealth Bank of Australia This a bank that offers services entailing finance matter for instance insurance and revenue management among others. This bank is multinational and has subsidiaries all over Europe and Asia specifically UK, Fiji, Newzealand. It is also believed to have a branch in US. In the securities exchange market of Australia it is the biggest company in that list by the year 2015.The headquarters are in the Martin Palace in Australia specifically Sydney city. Not forgetting the several brands that the company boosts of such as Commonwealth Insurance Company, Bank west just to name but a few. The Role of Audit Committee The audit board (the committee) has an indispensable function in structure and supporting efficient and dependable organization. Responsiveness exercised by the board has an consequence on lucidity, not only for how funds are managed, but also in relative to the information regarding the performance and endorsement of an situation conducive to moral values surroundings and these, in turn, related to the obligation and institutional goal (Ellwood Newberry, 2007). The responsibility of the board may vary from one institute to another, depending on their authorized, monetary, and public environment;oversee the truthfulness of the information controlled in the fiscal statements. keep an eye on the efficiency of interior accounting control structure. evaluate the extent and efficiency of the system recognized by administration to recognize, assess, and scrutinize fiscal and commerce risks. The board assumes this accountability, as there is a risk board. analysis efficiency and competence of interior audit. recommend the selection of exterior auditor and review the autonomy, impartiality and efficiency (Hatherly, 2001). The audit board is a component of public accountability aspect and the authority. The function of the board is to maintain the duty of leading body complies with fiduciary as well as legal obligation, mainly with regard to the reliability of fiscal reporting, interior control structure along with fair setting. Among the tasks of these committee, comprise: the sanction of the capacity of the audit and its efficiency keep an eye on the monetary statement in addition to interior control advocate authorization of the fiscal statements carry out exceptional investigation for principal body Ethics The audit work must be planned and implemented and in case there are assistants should be monitored satisfactorily. The audit work requires proper planning methods and procedures to be applied as well as the working papers that will serve as the basis for the conclusions of the review. It is not possible, nor would it be desirable, that the auditor does all the work personally. There are routine tasks that do not require the auditor's professional capacity and can be performed by assistants; for example, cash count, checking mathematical operations, etc. However, this delegation of tasks to assistants does not relieve the auditor of the personal responsibility of all the work (Improving Public Service, 2008). The auditor shall examine, check, and make the system of internal control in the company to meet two fundamental aspects: The trust that deserves it as a means of generating reliable information. Determine the scope, nature, and timing of the different audit procedures. The Audit Expectation Gap The conditions of the company I terms of the way they operate, how to internally handle cases, measures have to control of the accuracy of operations and their pass books and financial statements are the particular circumstances of each company that modify the nature audit tests. The extent and timing with which these tests can be performed. Hence, it is necessary that the auditor, to perform satisfactorily, ought to take into considerations these specifics of the business whose monetary statements are probing. It is as a result crucial for the auditor to study and appraise the interior control of the corporation whose fiscal statements analysed. This study targets to get out how that interior control is not only in the organization strategy, but in the authentic implementation of day by day operation (Pandey, 2005).The audit work required to obtain, by applying audit procedures, elements of good and sufficient, in both quantity and quality, allowing obtaining an objective opinion on the financial statements trial. The evidence to form an opinion should be objective and true, they must be based on the nature of the facts examined, having reached the knowledge of them with reasonable assurance; the final judgment on the audit work is whether i t has provided the auditor sufficient material to support their professional opinion. The material or evidence to which we refer are called evidential, and should be sufficient in quantity and quality.The role of internal and external review The interior control comprise the preparation of business and all synchronized method and procedures taken in company to guard your asset, confirm the accurateness as well as dependability of its office data, endorse operational competence furthermore support observance to policy structured by the administration (Bijkerk, Karamychev, Swank, n.d.). An interior control structure extend past matter openly connected to the function of office and fiscal department. Accounting controls have as core goals to offer organization of the business guarantee that the office information is honest and trustworthy (Pandey, 2005). These controls include systems authorizations and approvals of transactions, segregation of duties in different departments, physi cal controls on assets, internal audit, accounting policy manuals and procedures, etc. Audit planning Plan is the primary stage of the audit procedure in addition it will depend on the competence and efficiency of the accomplishment of the goals, by means of firmly putting up obligatory funds. Planning ought to be cautious, imaginative, constructive, and real, you must reflect on alternative and go for the mainly suitable method to execute the responsibilities, so this action ought to rest with the more skilled members of the assembly (Sin, Moroney, Strydom, 2015). Planning an audit begins with obtaining information necessary to define the strategy to employ and culminates with the detailed definition of the tasks in the implementation phase. Planning objective. The main objective of planning is to determine appropriate and reasonable audit procedures that apply to apply, how and when executed, so that the activity is met efficiently and effectively. Planning is a dynamic process, but starts at the beginning of the audit work can be modified during the execution of the same. Plan ning phases: Planning each audit it is divided into two phases, called preliminary planning and specific planning (Tewarie, 2011). Audit evidence the audit examination requires the auditor to obtain the necessary evidence to enable it to ensure that transactions, accounting records and balances of the fiscal statement are factual as well as precise. The facts required by auditors to consider valid and substantive examination is obtained through a series of tests that professional jargon has called substantive. The proof is adequate in magnitude from the outcome of a solitary experiment or else by the consensus of numerous auditors. The assessor may obtain the ethical assurance that the details are trying to provide evidence or else the criterion for amendment is judged to be productively tested. The degree of safety that can assert facts and things with full confidence that it is not making a bold statement, even if not absolutely certain of them have. This level of security is called moral certainty. The certainty that the assessor ought to guarantee that they are capable to give their expert judgment in an honest and clear conduct moreover gratifying the duty of his line of work ("The ASQ auditing handbook: principles, implementation, and use", 2006). The quality of evidence depends on the circumstances in which it is obtained. The evidence obtained from sources outside the company provides superior to that obtained within the company confidence. The evidence comes from a reliable internal control system is greater than that resulting from poor control system. Personal knowledge that the auditor obtains directly through physical examinations, inspections, calculations, etc., is more persuasive than information obtained indirectly. In carrying out the work, the auditor should always be guided by the criteria of materiality and risk likely. The auditor should focus its examination according to the importance of different items. Moreover, the auditor should perform procedures according to the relative risk of error runs in each of the groups under consideration. The comprehensive understanding of all the problems of the company and the environment and circumstances in which it operates will enable you to interpret facts and draw con clusions more logically and convincingly (Turnbull, n.d.). It is intended that the auditor develop its audit from a managerial point of view, knowing the business as if it were a manager and reaching conclusions, saving the differences, the management bodies of the company would get. The audit understood as a routine practice that tries to verify whether the transactions recorded in the accounting records are backed by documents is doubtful that he ever had effective results. The documents are simply a means of transmitting information where what matters, for audit purposes, is not the documents as such but the analysis and study of the underlying reality in them. To achieve this general knowledge of the company and its economic environment the auditor has multiple possibilities: conversations with company executives, meetings with business associations, reading of general and specialized economic journals, attending meetings, conferences and any other source of reliable informati on of credit (Wan Hua, Georgakopoulos, Sotiropoulos, Galanou, 2010). Conclusion In conclusion, the arrangement of business, methods and procedures associated to operational effectiveness are some of the management policies. This principle may be difficult to implement, since it is not always possible to estimate the benefits that provide control in the future. All internal and external control, no matter how good and effective it is, has a number of limitations that are inherent in the system. In the operation of most control, procedures exist possibilities of error resulting from lack of understanding of the instructions, misjudgments, personal carelessness, fatigue, etc. References Bijkerk, S., Karamychev, V., Swank, O. Aggressive Reporting and Probabilistic Auditing in a Principles-Based Environment. SSRN Electronic Journal. Ellwood, S. Newberry, S. (2007). Public sector accrual accounting: institutionalising neo liberal principles?. Fischer, F. (2010). The Application of the Controllability Principle and Managers' Responses. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag / GWV Fachverlage, Wiesbaden. Hatherly, D. (2001). Principles of Auditing: An International Perspective. The International Journal Of Accounting, 36(2), 259-261. Macve, R. Chen, X. (2010). The equator principles: a success for voluntary codes?. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 23(7), 890-919. Pandey, A. (2005). Auditing: Principles and Techniques by S. K. Basu(Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2005). Paradigm, 9(2), 97-97. Sin, F., Moroney, R., Strydom, M. (2015). Principles-Based versus Rules-Based Auditing Standards: The Effect of the Transition from AS2 to AS5. International Journal Of Auditing, 19(3), 282-294. Tewarie, W. (2011). A structured approach to IT auditing. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: VU University Press. The ASQ auditing handbook: principles, implementation, and use. (2006). Choice Reviews Online, 43(09), 43-5363-43-5363. Turnbull, S. How US and UK Auditing Practices Became Muddled to Muddle Corporate Governance Principles. SSRN Electronic Journal. Wan Hua, L., Georgakopoulos, G., Sotiropoulos, I., Galanou, E. (2010). Main Principles and Practices of Auditing Independence in China: A Multifaceted Discussion.

Adam Smith And Karl Marx Contrasting Views Of Capitalism free essay sample

Karl Marx presented his philosophical and sociological critique of capitalism where the effects of the market varied or are distinct from man’s economic well being. Capitalism according to him brought about alienation where workers became degraded or dehumanized. Marx’s view on alienation was based on or oriented on work and sociological aspects. Assumptions made were that workers dignity would only be maintained if autonomy, responsibility and self-fulfilment were allowed in the work place. Alienation brings about powerlessness, isolation as well as self-estrangement. Powerlessness arises, as there is a distinct separation from ownership and the means of production. People or labourers are not in a position to influence managerial policies and they cannot control the conditions of employment or their immediate work process. To Marx, capitalism brought about the development of division of labour and specialization where people tend to advance on areas they are best suited in. The industrial capitalism workers are completely separated from the means of production. (rationalargumentator.com). The workers also became like a tool, a commodity or a machine whose main duty is to produce. They can also be hired or fired at will. Marx coined the word command to describe the market where the wages were determined by the forces of the market. In becoming alienated the capitalist becomes isolated not only from himself but from the world including his fellows and nature. Self-entanglement means that workers are alienated from their ‘inner self’ and they are dehumanized.   To Marx, capitalism is bad because it brings about exploitation of the poor by the risk. It is geared at benefiting the rich while exploiting the poor. According to Marx in production men not only act on nature but on one another. They produce only by co-operating in a certain way and mutually exchange their activities. In order to produce, they enter into definite connections and relations with one another and ‘only within these social connections and relations does their action on nature takes place’. According to Marx, the production process comes about from the desire to meet the needs of people in society. In capitalism workers were also overworked. Work alienated people from the society, the human race as well as the product that they produced. Poor wages were offered to workers and it was just sufficient to keep them alive. The employers were only interested in gains regardless of the pain it caused to the workers. Since the poor lacked a choice they had to put up with the stressful conditions to survive. The resultant effect of capitalistic exploitation was an early death. (Skousen M, 2007). The division of labour made human beings to become machine like structures especially as it advanced. It became like a commodity that could only be sold in the market. To Marx, elimination of capitalism was necessary so that people would live freely, away from exploitation, isolation and alienation. Capitalism hinders self-determination, which is an important aspect for human beings. It also controls people both at the work place as well as their economic life. Marx advocates for a society that has economic democracy in addition to political and social democracy. If people were to have control of their workplace they would be more effective as real liberty is experienced. They should not be treated as ‘domesticated animals’ or machines but should be left to guide their own direction. To him, workers should be left to own and control their work places from which they earn a living and spend most of their time. (rationalargumentator.com). Marx suggests that workers would be more effective especially if they were left to control their workplace. They, like artists could devote more of their time and under adverse conditions if they were given full control. To Marx, workers should be empowered and provided for basic needs by their employees like food shelter and clothing. (rationalargumentator.com). Marx favours a communist society to replace the capitalist society. The wealthy class is the bourgeoisie and the proletariat are the poor. The wealthy or the ruling class control the means of production and consequently the economy. Marx advocated for a revolution of the proletariat so as to remove the bourgeoisie. Capitalism brings about class-consciousness, which is unfair as it brings about inequalities. There is evidence struggle between the classes as the bourgeoisie strive to maximize and retain profits; the proletariat strive to earn decent wages and fair treatment. Marx supports government involvement that would result to central planning geared to solve the current problems. (www.kelsoinstitute.com) He coined the idea of ‘surplus value’ to explain the gap between the value that a worker produces to the wages he or she gets in return where there were signs of exploitation. To him, capitalism is subject to fail and was headed for doom from its first inception due to competition involved, lack of centralized planning, control by the rich and it was subject to create social problems due to the great gaps between the rich and the poor.   Smith on the other hand provides positive outcomes of capitalism. To him, the free market economy provides a means for mutual gain and that the division of labour. It improves productivity and is hence beneficial to the whole society and does not destabilize it. Smith suggests that there is an invisible hand that controls the market and this refers to the forces of demand and supply. The ‘invisible hand’ guides people in their decision-making and as a result individual decisions can affect the while economy. He opposes Marx’s idea that ‘capitalism breaks down human spirits potential and forces him to always think of work. It becomes like a monster or â€Å"universal whore† â€Å"Every individual necessarily labours to render annual revenue of society as great as he can he †¦. Neither intends to promote public interests, nor knows how much he is promoting it. He intends only his own gain and he is in this as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end, which was no part of his intention. By pursuing his own interests he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it’’. (rationalargumentator.com). Smith views capitalism as a system where individuals have the right to own property and have the free will to do whatever they please with it. Private property ownership, desire to earn spend and act productively control how the natural markets function in a free economy. (Gianaris N, 1996). Competition affects the pricing of goods and services in the market. It is essential as it ensures that the prices offered are fair and only the most efficient producers survive in the market. While Marx sees inequalities in terms of benefits gained in capitalism, Smith argues that capitalism benefits all in the society regardless of their status in the society. All people, according to Smith can create, own or earn their living. Smith’s views are of a moral society where he hopes that capitalists will be guided by virtues and selfish or greedy motives would be countered. Smith does not see the importance of a revolution as supported by Marx. Peace would be maintained as all people enjoy the benefits of a capitalistic market. (Skousen M, 2007). Marx wrote his ideas of a capitalist system as during his time it was operational and he could point out the shortcomings, Smith on the other hand expressed his views when a mercantilist society was in existence. To him, capitalism opened grounds where people had the will to make choices that best suited them. Marx experienced the evils of capitalism and he was convinced that it was the root of all evils in the society. (Skousen M, 2007). Marx’s views on capitalism are criticized on the basis that he presented an argument where one was bound to retain his or her status quo in society. His views were also based on the current situations and he did not foresee the end of the terrible working conditions. (Gianaris N, 1996). This is however not the case as one can move up or down the social ladder status is therefore not inherent. Capitalism is free and people can own properly or run business, which can see them rise through the ranks as long as the freedom causes no harm to others. Capitalism would be beneficial to all in the society. Smith does not see the need for government involvement in the market operations because that would be checked by ‘invisible hand’. To him individualism, freedom of enterprises and competition contributed to the increase in the wealth of nations. To smith competitive markets are best in planning for resource allocation and development. Governments should not interfere with the market directly but they can help business to thrive by protecting societies from invasion or violence, injustice or oppressions, and they can erect public utilities that can be run by individuals or companies. In capitalistic societies individuals would produce as par their talents or competitive advantages and they would acquire that which they can’t produce from those who can. To smith, a more equitable distribution of income would be necessary if progress and development was to be achieved in the capitalistic system. ‘No society can surely be flourishing and happy of which the far greater part of the members are poor and miserable’ Competition is a basic natural and structuring principle of the market. Tampering with the market mechanism should be avoided as much as possible or be limited as much as possible. To Smith, man is not a work machine â€Å"it is the interest of every man to live as much at his ease as he can†. Capitalism also produces individuals who work for the benefit of the society at large for instance those based on arts, spiritual and non-material or non-greedy initiatives. Surplus of wealth also goes to programs that are not necessarily materialistic in nature for instance charities and assistance to help the needy. (Almond G, 2002). Smith does not view consumers as undignified unnatural or alienated like Marx does. According to him, division of labour in capitalistic systems occurs naturally from the human need or purpose to trade. People of different classes can trade in the capitalistic systems linked to specified classes in the society. To smith, labour is a measure of value but it is not as the exclusive source of it as Marx suggests. He also does not agree with Marx’s idea that workers were powerless and faced inevitable exploitation through poor pays. (Almond G, 2002). To him, if national income and division of labour were increased wages would not be a cause of alarm or dissatisfaction to workers. Smith did not show that workers in capitalistic systems were isolated as Marx thought. References: The Contrast between the Views of Karl Marx and Adam Smith L. T. A Journal for Western Man. Issue LVI- May 2, 2006. Retrieved on 7th March 2008 from http://rationalargumentator.com/Smith_Marx.html Nicholas Gianaris.1996. Modern Capitalism: Privatization, Employee Ownership, and Industrial Democracy. Group Management. Greenwood Publishing. P 22-25 Gabriel Almond. 2002. Ventures in Political Science: Narratives and Reflections. Lynne Rienner Publishers. P 139 Mark Skousen 2007. The Big Three in Economics: Adam Smith, Karl Marx, And John Maynard Keynes. M.E. Sharpe. Louis Kelso. Karl Marx: The Almost Capitalist. Retrieved on 7th March 2008 from http://www.kelsoinstitute.com/pdf/karlmarx_almostcapitalist.pdf

A Freshmans Reflection on Her College Selection

The college selection process might actually be just hard as applying to college. We asked our interns to look back on their college decision and share how they eventually arrived at their choice. This student submitted piece outlines how her dream school and a scholarship offer complicated her choice in a way she never thought it would. Choosing which college to spend the next four years at after getting your acceptances can be as daunting as trying to get a perfect score on your SAT. I witnessed my friends battle with this question for weeks. Should they pick the college that gave them the most money? Choose the college that their parents wanted them to attend? Or, the college that best fit their own personal goals? When I got into the school I’ve committed to, I remember feeling so excited I thought I was dreaming. It seemed too good to be true. The next few days, as I received my acceptances from other schools, I actively tried not to care. I told myself that it didnt matter where else I got in because I had already gotten into my dream school. In retrospect, I realized I was only ignoring other choices to make the responsibility of picking a school easier for myself. I remember talking to one of my friends about the frustrations of picking schools. Throughout the application process, my friend and I were both adamant that if we were accepted to our dream schools, we would not hesitate to commit. Of course, life is never smooth sailing. My friend had been accepted into two amazing schools, both of which would give her a scholarship, except the one she was less interested in offered her more financial aid. Similarly, I was received a scholarship to a school that wasn’t my first choice. Both of us couldn’t afford to ignore it. My father had urged me to consider taking the scholarship, and repeatedly reminded me how much money I would be saving. My mom, on the other hand, kept repeating the same mantra during that long decision month: It doesn’t matter where you go to school, but what you do when you get there. And that’s how I made my choice. I stepped back with gratitude and realized that all the schools I was accepted all had the resources to help me reach my potential. Afterall, that is why I applied. Getting into an Ivy League or any of the top 25 universities guarantees success. The school you choose is simply an institution to help you get to where you want to go, but where you end up is dependent on how hard you work. This is how I turned my dream school into a reality, and gave up the scholarship I was offered. I’m now a freshman, and I do not regret this decision. I know I made the right decision for myself, but that doesn’t mean it will be for you. Enjoy the process, and good luck! ​Written by Claire Heuberger, an intern.

Ethics vs. Morals

Ethics vs. Morals Ethics vs. Morals Ethics vs. Morals By Mark Nichol No, there’s no cage match between the two terms, but there is a distinction: Although the words can be considered synonyms, morals are beliefs based on practices or teachings regarding how people conduct themselves in personal relationships and in society, while ethics refers to a set or system of principles, or a philosophy or theory behind them. (Principles, however, is itself is a synonym for morals.) One lives according to one’s morals but adheres to one’s ethics while doing so. Morals are the tools by which one lives, and ethics constitute the manual that codifies them. Moral is most familiar to most people in the sense of â€Å"lesson,† as in the moral of the story in a fable or a parable, or as an adjective, as in â€Å"Moral Majority† or â€Å"moral quandary.† The quality of having qualities consistent with high ethics is referred to as morality, and to teach morals is to moralize (though this term has a negative connotation suggesting self-righteousness). To demoralize is not to do the opposite of moralizing; it denotes erosion not of morals but of morale. Morale, though it looks related to moral, might seem unconnected, but it is actually a synonym for morals, though that sense is rarely applied. Even in its more common meaning, referring to one’s psychological state regarding one’s condition or a group’s esprit de corps (translation: â€Å"spirit of the body†), it fundamentally means an adherence to a belief system: A person’s morale is based on the degree to which the moral standards evinced in their external environment are consistent with their ideals. Two other words related to ethics and morals are ethos and mores. Ethos refers to a system of moral behavior, and mores denotes moral customs the same intellectual and practical distinction present in the two primary terms. A synonym for morals is scruples, although the etymology, interestingly, approaches the issue from the other direction: The Latin precursor, scrupulus, means â€Å"anxiety† or â€Å"pang of conscience,† but the literal meaning is â€Å"small, sharp, stone†; a scruple, in effect, is something that unpleasantly reminds you to be pleasant. And what’s the difference between amoral and immoral? It’s significant: Immoral (â€Å"not moral†) implies a conscious decision to act against societal norms, whereas amoral (â€Å"without morals†) suggests that the person in question operates without any regard to them at all. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" Broadcast vs Broadcasted as Past FormEspecially vs. Specially

Nike and International Labor Practices Case Study

Nike and International Labor Practices - Case Study Example Nike experienced some problems in the 1990s with respect to their labor policies primarily in Indonesia and China. Unions and NGOs accused them of paying wages that were insufficient for subsistence and using child labor. Activists continued to press Nike for action to resolve the labor disputes, but Nike refused to take responsibility. An onslaught of bad publicity resulted in falling sales, plummeting income, and reduced stock value. In 1998, after Nike revenue fell, they began to accept the responsibility for the contractors in their outsourced business model. The financial cost to Nike has been estimated at $400 million for failing to address the issue promptly. Nike is secure in its market sector for the near term. There are only a few companies that can match Nike's ability to advertise and market their product. They have the largest market share and even a merger between number 2 and 3 could not exceed them. Adidas-Reebok and New Balance combined still come in behind Nike. New entrants are not likely to take on these formidable competitors. The large market share that Nike enjoys is also a challenge for them. They can not grow through increased market share. For the near future, they are forced to enter new international markets to sustain the levels of growth they have seen in the last 3 years. Markets in China and India are their primary targets and they have made some progress there. India has contributed substantially to their revenue and they have gained the sponsorship of the Beijing Olympics. Nike has considerable brand recognition and customer loyalty. They have made use of leading sports figures to market their products with great success. Their well-known logo, the 'Swoosh', is easily one of the most recognized symbols in marketing. In concert with their strong financial position Nike is well positioned. However, they must continue to be vigilant to avert the public relations disaster of the past. Nike should be a world leader in the movement in international worker's rights movements. Their recent recovery indicates they have the confidence and the support of the market when they take action to correct the faults of the past. However, they will be subject to public scrutiny. They need to be pro-active at correcting and improving their image with the public through community charity programs. With their market position, their history of innovative marketing, and their ability to set trends they should be well positioned to overcome any damage that their reputation has suffered. CASE ANALYSIS Throughout the 1990s, Nike was repeatedly accused of violating fair labor practices through their affiliation with international contractors. Nike consistently denied any wrongdoing and contended that any violations were the fault of the contractor and not Nike. Several groups formed alliances to come to the aid of the workers primarily in Indonesia and China. These groups came from international rights groups, competitors, US activists, students, and possibly even the Indonesian government. International watchdogs accused Nike of failing to pay an adequate wage. They allied with religious groups on ethical grounds. As early as 1991 the Asian American Free Labor Association (AAFLI) and the Institut Technology Bandug (ITB) had published reports critical of corporate practices in Indonesia (Spar 153-154). They had an international responsibility to bring these issues to light and

Threat Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Threat Analysis - Essay Example This ideological rise prompts other non-state actors as well as local jihads. Moreover, the funding as well as training for such non-state actors is still wired through Al-Qaida. 1 While comparing the pre-9/11 propaganda propagated by other non-state actors, the current al-Qaida make of propaganda is awfully violent, openly urging Muslims to kill.2 Additionally, Al-Qaida’s ideological potency is evident in its ever changing operational targets i.e. whereas in the 1980’s the U.S. was the prime target, now al-Qaida has redirected the terror acts towards U.S. allies e.g. U.K., Spain, Turkey e.t.c. 2 As a result of the counterterrorism measures by U.S. against al Qaeda since September11th terror attacks, as well as defensive operations abroad aimed at improving security, most of U.S. citizens now feel more secure now. Furthermore, now U.S. intelligence analysts appreciate that the adversary is not Islam; but a distortion of Islam is the foe. In fact, U.S. adversaries go beyond al-Qaida (a non-state actor) to accommodate the radical ideological factions, motivated to a certain extent by al Qaeda3; and the threat of Islamist extremism as well as terrorism will continue, but it will diminish significantly in

The assignment is a short paper written in the style of a letter to

The is a short paper written in the style of a letter to the editor in the Wall Street Journal - Assignment Example The previous type of acquiring Pentagon’s projects through bidding has been keeping bidders away since complex projects led to (extra) impulse spending. Relying on contractors, as was the case in the past, can be termed as the reason why emerging nations such as Russia and China have been overshadowing our military. The reasons behind this include unnecessary expenditure, longer research times, and an overall lagging military force. This move concurs with the 2010 initiative titled â€Å"Better Buying Power† which sought to incorporate more military research in evaluating which resources were required, and how much they cost. This task was previously mandated to other contractors. If this trend is furthered, we are bound to experience lesser violation of federal performance and costs. I agree that as the United States, we possess sufficient reasons to expand our weapons research programs, and this will be achieved by decreasing our reliance on ‘other† contractors and encouraging more military

Analysis on Postmodernist Shrek

Analysis on Postmodernist Shrek Usually, in most of the traditional fairy tales, ogre is used to be the man-eating beast and the prince is used to rescue the princess and then live happily together ever after. However, in the season of the movie Shrek, especially Shrek I, the makers use decipherable devices to reverse this tradition and use three basic elements to show the idea of postmodernism, i.e. ironic interfacing, intertextuality, and self-reflexivity. Lets begin by explaining the first one, ironic interfacing. To begin with, Shrek I includes a lot of ironic interfacing and one is that its lack of a narrator. Unlike other tales, it is told in a linear custom, but not from the point of view of an omniscient narrator. The story in fact is told through the interactions and dialogue of the central characters, like in the film Shrek, we need to know what Shrek and Donkey would do by watching their action and conversation. It is non-linear narrative technique. But in those Disney movies, for example in Snow White, theres always a narrator telling the audience what is going to happen next and he is omniscient. It results the ironic interfacing between the characters and the authors. Also, at the end of the movie Shrek I, all the audiences see that Shrek, the main character discovers the camera and lots of audiences watching him. Therefore, he turns away the camera and uses his hand to block it before he kisses Fiona. It can be considered as ironic interfacing because it shows the unconventional interaction between the author and Shrek. What Shrek does in the movie lets us recognize that he can look at the audiences and the author through the known camera. So he knows how to maintain his privacy during kissing with Fiona by blocking their view. Besides, from this scene, we all can see clearly that the animation company makes use of Shrek to mock the traditional Disney stories and genre. Shrek uses the stereotypical way of Disney movies and fairytales, which is used to create the distance between the present and the reality. This acts as inviting the viewers to enter another world, a world that can only exist in the stories but not in real. Thus, the company uses it to mimic Disney by including the stories traditional beginning, which Disney always uses. This does not only mock Disney but also helps us to see the unreal world and in the realism of a fairytale. Another stronger example showing Shrek includes ironic interfacing is at the very first part of the movie. At the beginning of the movie, Shrek starts just as a typical Disney cliche fairytale by opening a book and starts with these few words Once upon a time, there is an imprisoned princess waiting for her true love this kind of old style of tales. However, theres a green hand suddenly rips a page from the book, uses it to wipe his bottom and Shrek interrupts it and said to the audiences, Yeah, right! This scene strongly shows us the ironic situation between the characters and the author. Those are the examples of ironic interfacing in Shrek. Next, we are going to talk about intertextuality. Intertextuality means that there are countless references to other movies, texts, plays, and even some parts of the other movies. Especially in Shrek III, there are several main animated Disney characters appearing in the film, but not in their usual form. By referring these Disney characters, the film requires us to have a self-conscious awareness of something that is used to be. Like Snow White and the other princess appearing in the movie, normally they are very delicate and used to be rescued. However, this time, they rescue themselves when they are imprisoned. Also, in Shrek I, Fiona is imprisoned in a castle with a dragon guarding her. In most of the Disney movies, the princesses are used to be so delicate that they cant leave and rescue themselves. But, we notice that Fiona is different from them, as she knows Karate. And the only reason why she does not leave is that she imagines the traditional fairy tale happening to her so she has to wait for her prince. It mocks the Disney movies that those princesses are not really delicate. Furthermore, Shrek has also obtained some scenes from other movies, for example: Fiona freezes in the mid-air like Neo in The Matrix; Shrek fights in a beer-covered ring, making reference to Transporter, Gladiator etc. Last but not least, lets talk about self-reflexivity. At the end of the movie, Shrek discovers that there is a camera shooting at him and Fiona and it means that hes aware of the narrative mechanics or storytelling techniques of traditional fairy tales. Besides, at the beginning of the movie, when Shrek is hunted and chase by the people, he shouts at them and whispers, This is the part you should run away. Although this scene does not directly illustrate that the character does takes notice of the filmmaking process or the camera, it is still a very strong example of self-reflexivity. What he has said does not only remind that group of people how to react, but also reminds the audiences that normally people should run after the ogre yells at them. It shows that Shrek is conscious of the traditional circumstance in fairy tales. In addition, when we focus on the menu of the movie Shrek, it contains details that recognizes you its a movie. Especially when you want to play the movie press the Play button, theres a pig coming out and shouting, Play the movie. It does let you acknowledge that it is a movie. All in all, Shrek is a very excellent example of movies showing postmodernism as the filmmakers has included ironic interfacing, intertextuality, and self-reflexivity. If you want to analyze the cartoon postmodern and feel bored of watching The Simpsons again, Shrek will be a great suggestion for you.

Cuban Missile Crisis :: essays research papers

The Cuban Missile Crisis was a time when tensions were running high in all parts of the world. Many nations were frightened that nuclear war would put everyone in misery. While â€Å"America was holding their breath as the possibility of nuclear world war grew greater and greater as the Soviet Union continued to supply Cuba with thermonuclear weapons† (http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=28554&tocid=0).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1960, as conflicts arose between Cuba and the United States. During this time Soviet Union leader Nikita Khrushchev secretly began to supply Cuba with â€Å"missiles that could hit much of the eastern United States within a few minutes if launched from Cuba† (Leckie 957). This missiles could easily destroy all of the US’s national defense in under 17 Minutes. â€Å"Khrushchev built 42 secret missile sites† (Littell 492), and in 1962 the United States learned that the Soviet Union had begun missile shipments to Cuba by the U-2 spy planes that flew over the island. â€Å"The photos showed two types of missiles: medium-range ballistic missiles (MRBM) able to travel about 1100 nautical miles (about 2000 km, or 1300 mi) and intermediate-range ballistic missiles (IRBM) able to reach targets at a distance of about 2200 nautical miles (about 4100 km, or 2500 mi)† (http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=28554&tocid=0). â€Å"Fear swept over the country and the American citizens supported their president in planning action.† (Bender 330). President John F Kennedy warned the soviets â€Å"the gravest issues would arise† if they were to place nuclear weapons in Cuba.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ People all over the world feared this standoff would led to World War III and a nuclear disaster† (Littell 493). After carefully considering the alternatives of an immediate U.S. invasion of Cuba (or air strikes of the missile sites), a blockade of the island, President John F. Kennedy decided to place a naval â€Å"quarantine,† or blockade, on Cuba to prevent further Soviet shipments of missiles. President John F Kennedy also stated that missile strike launched from Cuba would be considered as an act of war by the Soviet Union. He also made it clear that an attack on the US would result in a direct retaliation on the Soviet Union. During this time, soviet ships bound for Cuba altered this way and began their way back to the Soviet Union.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On October 28, 1962 Khrushchev capitulated, informing Kennedy that work on the missile sites would be halted and that the missiles already in Cuba would be returned to the Soviet Union.

Poetry of Nature Essay

Many poets are inspired by the impressive persona that exists in nature to influence their style of poetry. The awesome power of nature can bring about thought and provoke certain feelings the poet has towards the natural surroundings. If you bear in mind the disposition of some of the things in life that move us like human beauty, love or the beauty of nature you will understand that they have one thing in common. They do not last forever, as sad as it seems, Ladies and Gentleman. Yes they too will eventually die out. Why? Who knows? However it is a fact that when poets write a poem they wish to make their words appealing, as to impress the reader with the intensity of their own experience so they immortalize that sense of feeling that makes their poems last. Wordsworth’s poem, â€Å"Nutting† is a classic portrayal of a man finding time to escape the harsh bitterness of life and escaping to a world of isolation, solitude and loneliness that exists in nature. I’d particularly like to focus on the second part, which has a greater significance in regard to nature, then the other part, which might appear irrelevant. In demonstrating the use of descriptive features Wordsworth has created the perfect sanctuary that one can only ever dream about. The wording used in this section is uncomplicated and evocative. Common language served Wordsworth’s purpose well, for the simple words were direct in their purpose. They expressed feelings that had been known and repeated many times before, and therefore contained a certain durability in his speech. And I saw the sparkling foam, And-with my cheek on one of those green stones that fleeced with moss, under the shady trees, lay round me, scattered like a flock of sheep. In this poem there is much evidence that expresses his loneliness, solitude, and isolation to the rest of the world at that moment in his life. And fade, unseen by any human eye; where fairy water-breaks do murmur on forever; It is obvious that through this perception Wordsworth is generally speaking of past experiences. Wordsworth believed that nature played a key role in spiritual understanding and stressed the role of memory in capturing the experiences of childhood. His poetry just like his beliefs relays a sense of feeling towards aspects of spiritual understanding. I felt a sense of pain when I beheld the silent trees, and saw the intruding sky. Then dearest Maiden, move along these shades in gentleness of heart; with gentle hand Touch-for there is a spirit in the wood. I believe Wordsworth’s motivation in this poem is to let us know that the powers of nature is magical and extremely great. The gracefulness of nature does contribute to the inner feelings of someone who appreciates it (mostly those who want time out for themselves). I believe we need to be with nature, feel it, and take advantage of one of life’s many gifts. PAUSE Lets not forget the main characteristics that nature offers like its visual and harmonious features as well as its auditory features. I believe sound has a very important part to play in nature. This is reflected in John Clare’s poem â€Å"Pleasant Sounds† In this poem you will notice that it is composed in a tactical verse form that allows the use of onomatopoeia to give the poem a visual imagery. The crumbling of cat-ice The rustle of birds The whizzing of larger birds The trample of robins The fall of an acorn The flirt of the ground-lark. The use of Onomatopoeia throughout the poem allocates descriptive words through each sentence that elaborately enhances the effect of poem. The poets appeal to our imagination may be his ability to execute certain emphasis that makes the words stand out from everyday speech. Clare’s interpretation of the poem is not just about sound but is also about his love for nature and the love that he has for the animals. PAUSE Like â€Å"Pleasant Sounds† Clare’s poem â€Å"Autumn† also gives way to visual imagery in light of the poems descriptive attitude. The way in which Clare has introduced rhyme into this poem enhances the visual imagery making it stand out. However it is seen that the sentences tend to drag on too long *There is a dryness in this particular type of poetry. *Religious sentiment, consecrating the affections and natural *And these moods always brought with them faultless expression In comparison to Pleasant sounds there is no sense of sounding, there’s more a sense of the parch dryness of the earth. There is almost an uncomfortable feeling that doesn’t let you feel that sense of soothingness like you did with Pleasant Sounds. In Autumn one is more intuned with the earth in its stage of dryness and shallowness. The words are entwined to give the feeling of parchness and dryness. Clare’s usage of the term over baked bread to describe the ground What essence is there in nature that moves us? Is it the fact that our lives are so fast forward that we tend to overlook what it has to offer? Wordsworth makes this poetic message immortal with his powerful and emotional words. Like Wordsworth, Clare utilizes more emphasis upon nature and the natural world. To study the deeper meaning of poetry through great poets like William Wordsworth and John Clare is always a challenge and an adventure. It brings the mind to contemplate things to which you don’t often think about, such as your personal connection with nature.

Free Essays on Fethishism

Fetishism Fetishism is a perversion that is found, primarily in men, in which genital discharge is impossible without the presence of their fetish. A fetish, however can be a variety of things, yet there are three basic types of fetishes: an inanimate object (e.g. women's clothing, shoes, gloves, underwear), a part of the human body (e.g. foot, hand, hair, legs, breasts), or something odd such as, leather, rubber, the touch of velvet. Some fetishes, as observed by Freud, may not even be visible to the other person at all. In one case a patient of Freud was obsessed with the shine on the noses of the women he was attracted to. With regards to specific fetishes such as that the fetishist usually needs to look at, touch, or smell during or preparing for the sexual act. In some cases just the sight of the fetish could result in an orgasm. The Freudian view of fetishes changed over the years. His early view stated that fetishism was a result of some childhood fantasy or exposure that resulted in the fetish but he later changed the view. Freud later theorized that the fetish was a fear of castration on the part of the male. He believed that the association with the penis to the female reproductive organ was a reminder to men that castration is possible. This anxiety would cause the fetishist to associate his or her sexual desire with another body part or object. By doing this he or she can link sexual experience with another part and forget about infertility, humiliation, or anxiety. Usually the desire is linked closely to the genitals, it could be something seen when the genitals were first viewed, such as, underwear, or something associatively linkable to the experience (e.g. fur, which could be symbolic of pubic hair). In some cases kleptomania has been considered a fetish. Many fetishists develop a compulsive urge to obtain their cherished articles by any means possible. They may become sexually... Free Essays on Fethishism Free Essays on Fethishism Fetishism Fetishism is a perversion that is found, primarily in men, in which genital discharge is impossible without the presence of their fetish. A fetish, however can be a variety of things, yet there are three basic types of fetishes: an inanimate object (e.g. women's clothing, shoes, gloves, underwear), a part of the human body (e.g. foot, hand, hair, legs, breasts), or something odd such as, leather, rubber, the touch of velvet. Some fetishes, as observed by Freud, may not even be visible to the other person at all. In one case a patient of Freud was obsessed with the shine on the noses of the women he was attracted to. With regards to specific fetishes such as that the fetishist usually needs to look at, touch, or smell during or preparing for the sexual act. In some cases just the sight of the fetish could result in an orgasm. The Freudian view of fetishes changed over the years. His early view stated that fetishism was a result of some childhood fantasy or exposure that resulted in the fetish but he later changed the view. Freud later theorized that the fetish was a fear of castration on the part of the male. He believed that the association with the penis to the female reproductive organ was a reminder to men that castration is possible. This anxiety would cause the fetishist to associate his or her sexual desire with another body part or object. By doing this he or she can link sexual experience with another part and forget about infertility, humiliation, or anxiety. Usually the desire is linked closely to the genitals, it could be something seen when the genitals were first viewed, such as, underwear, or something associatively linkable to the experience (e.g. fur, which could be symbolic of pubic hair). In some cases kleptomania has been considered a fetish. Many fetishists develop a compulsive urge to obtain their cherished articles by any means possible. They may become sexually...

Free Essays on Sound Waves

Sound Waves Sound is everywhere. It plays an important role in almost everything that we do in our lives and we take it for granted. Whether it’s the sound that the wind makes when it rustles the tree branches or the music coming out of our speakers, all sound is composed of little sound waves that are made by slight vibrations. These slight vibrations in any object move the air particles around the object in an outward motion and cause a sound when these waves hit your eardrums. Sound waves come in many different types, shapes, and sizes but they all share the same principles and characteristics. Sound waves are a part of every noise and they are imperative to sound perception. A wave of sound can be considered as a disturbance that travels through some material called a medium, transporting energy from one location to another. (Henderson) Such waves that seem to be hooked onto one another in a straight line are characterized as mechanical waves. When the first particle is disturbed it then moves the second particle on the line because they are hooked together and touching. Once the second particle starts moving, the third will be disturbed by the second particle’s movement and the fourth particle will be disturbed by the third particle’s movement and so on. The vibration will be passed on consecutively and the energy that was first introduced in the first particle will move on and on from particle to particle in that medium. These mechanical waves can best be described as producing longitudinal waves. In a longitudinal wave, the medium would most commonly be the surrounding air particles that vibrate toward a certain direction. The individual particles of the medium will always move in a direction that is parallel to the direction that the energy is being applied. (Kriz) For instance, if someone is talking to another person, the sound waves produced by the vocal chords will move in a direction in which the person is faced. ... Free Essays on Sound Waves Free Essays on Sound Waves Sound Waves Sound is everywhere. It plays an important role in almost everything that we do in our lives and we take it for granted. Whether it’s the sound that the wind makes when it rustles the tree branches or the music coming out of our speakers, all sound is composed of little sound waves that are made by slight vibrations. These slight vibrations in any object move the air particles around the object in an outward motion and cause a sound when these waves hit your eardrums. Sound waves come in many different types, shapes, and sizes but they all share the same principles and characteristics. Sound waves are a part of every noise and they are imperative to sound perception. A wave of sound can be considered as a disturbance that travels through some material called a medium, transporting energy from one location to another. (Henderson) Such waves that seem to be hooked onto one another in a straight line are characterized as mechanical waves. When the first particle is disturbed it then moves the second particle on the line because they are hooked together and touching. Once the second particle starts moving, the third will be disturbed by the second particle’s movement and the fourth particle will be disturbed by the third particle’s movement and so on. The vibration will be passed on consecutively and the energy that was first introduced in the first particle will move on and on from particle to particle in that medium. These mechanical waves can best be described as producing longitudinal waves. In a longitudinal wave, the medium would most commonly be the surrounding air particles that vibrate toward a certain direction. The individual particles of the medium will always move in a direction that is parallel to the direction that the energy is being applied. (Kriz) For instance, if someone is talking to another person, the sound waves produced by the vocal chords will move in a direction in which the person is faced. ...

What are the different ways in which tariffs are levied in the United Essay

What are the different ways in which tariffs are levied in the United States and what are the various types of nontariff barriers imposed in the United States - Essay Example Protection is achieved by raising the price of imported products so that they cost the same as those produced domestically. The government computes the tariffs in two main ways. The Ad Valorem, which means â€Å"On value,† involves tax that is levied as a fixed percentage of the value of the imported commodity. Currently, the U.S collects 2.5% on imported automobiles. Therefore, if the country imports $100,000 Hyundai automobiles, then the government collects $2,500 in tax (Suranovic 2012).Specific tariffs involve levying a fixed amount of tax on each unit of the imported product sold without regard to the selling price. In some cases, the tariffs imposed may be a combination of the specific and Ad Valorem (Webb 2011). For example, a specific tariff of $0.51% is levied on imported wristwatches in the U.S coupled with a $6.25% ad valorem tariff on the case and the strap. A 5.3% ad valorem tariff is also imposed on the battery (Suranovic 2012). The tariffs levied on imports vary depending on the commodities, for example, goods from a country with the status of â€Å"most-favored† nation may i ncur a different tariff compared to products from other trading partners. Non-tariff barriers include rules and regulations geared to keeping foreign goods out of the domestic market. They include specific limitations on trade, such as quotas. Quota refers to limiting an amount of import, for example, the U.S allows 1 million tons of sugar to be imported and not more than that (Bairstow 2011). The second barrier involves customs and administrative procedures such as antidumping practices and valuation systems. The implementation of standards, that is, packaging, labelling and other standard disparities are other barriers to trade that are incorporated in the U.S (Bairstow 2011). The government’s participation in trade through export subsidies, procurement policies, countervailing duties and domestic assistance programmes

Creating an Inclusive, Student Centred Learning Environment Essay

Creating an Inclusive, Student Centred Learning Environment - Essay Example As the paper highlights the teacher must establish a working relationship with parents, in order to better and more holistically approach the lesson in a manner most effective for the learner. For the kindergarten music class, the teacher could inform parents of the songs they had learned so that the parents could practice them at home with their children. According to the report findings the general education teacher in an inclusive environment will need to collaborate with the various professionals who perfrom specialized functions in the special education field. Most important among these is the special education teacher, who shall be responsible for coordinating student services and an Individualized Education Program or IEP, which shall be designed for each special-needs child. Frequent collaboration between the general education and SPED teachers should immediately address SPED learners’ needs by adjusting lesson content and strategy. Other professionals involved in the collaboration process conducted by the general education teacher are the school psychologist, counselors, social workers, speech and language as well as physical and occupational therapists, nurses, paraprofessionals, and school administrators. Speech and language therapists could help maximize the music therapy aspect of this music class for autistic learn ers. In classroom preparation, the first consideration should always be the choice of furniture and their best arrangement to accommodate the unique needs of its occupants.

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act - Essay Example 2008). Wellstar produces xylophine, an anti depressant drug. The company had been accessed recently by ‘Pollution Control Agency’ and the results tended to meet the state requirement. This is a good aspect in relation to environmental conservation. This aspect indicates a fact that the company does not pose any threats to the indigenous people around it. A recent access of the company indicated that Wellstar produces 500kilograms of nickel catalyst as production resultant wastes each month. The company has a policy of preventing the deposition of the catalyst product into the atmosphere but apparently, the nickel substances end up into the soil resulting to the killing of vegetation in the region. Nickel does not have an immediate impact on human pollution however; it accumulates in the soil as well as aquatic plants and animals such as fish. A high concentration of nickel leads to formation of compound as it is highly reactive with various gases in the atmosphere. These compounds are carcinogenic and mostly result to lung cancer infection. These notion violets Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 40CFR part 268, which provides regulation of waste disposal thus prohibiting the disposal of hazardous waste on land without prior treatment. Excessive nickel in plants also affects their growth thus leading to statured growth in plant. This decreases the production level of farms produce as well as raw materials for production and manufacturing industries. Minnesota is a leading Agricultural state in the United State of America and thus the resultant effects of the environmental pollution posed by Wellstar Company may in turn affect neighbouring states negative impacts to the eco nomic systems of these states. Low production of farm products might lead to the rise of food prices in the market. The old Waste Management act

Athena Research Essay Example for Free

Athena Research Essay Athena is the goddess of wisdom and warfare. She is the favorite daughter of Zeus. There are many different versions of how Athena came to be. The most accepted version is that Athena was born a child of Zeus by his first wife, Metis, a goddess of wisdom. Zeus feared that Metis might bear him a son who was mightier than himself, so he swallowed her. According to some stories, Zeus had every right to fear this because Mother Earth had prophesied that Metis first child would be a girl, but her second child would be a boy that would overthrow Zeus as had happened to is father and his grandfather. Zeus took this warning to heart. This is why he swallowed Metis. It is believed that this is where Zeus gained his wisdom. Before swallowing his wife he was said to have had no brains. Little did Zeus know that Metis was already with child. While trapped inside Zeus, Metis began to make a helmet and robe for her unborn daughter. All that clanging and pounding caused Zeus to suffer terrible headaches, so he called for his son Hephaestus. Hephaestus split his fathers skull open to relieve the pain, and out popped Athena, fully grown and dressed in her new robe and helmet. The great Athena was the first to teach the science of numbers and all ancient womens arts, such as cooking, weaving and spinning. She was the goddess of wisdom and war, but, unlike the god of war Ares, she took no pleasure from battle, preferring instead to settle conflict through mediation. When Athena was moved to engage in battle she never lost, even against Ares himself, for she was a far superior negotiator than he was. She bears no arms in times of peace and will usually borrow weapons from Zeus when needed. Since she was his favorite daughter and such a mighty warrior, he allowed her to borrow is fearsome Aegis, and his devastating thunderbolts. Indeed Athena was a brave warrior and she was the lone deity to stand her ground when Typhon attacked Olympus. Typhon was the largest, most dangerous, and most grotesque of all creatures. He was so frightening and that when he attacked Mount Olympus all of the gods ran off to Egypt and hid themselves by taking the forms of various animals. Only Athena stood firm, and she shamed and motivated Zeus into action. Zeus struck Typhon with a thunderbolt and used Uranus castrating sickle to wound the enormous creature. Typhon retreated to Mount Casius, where he and Zeus resumed heir struggle, hurling mountains at one another, which resulted in Typhon being crushed beneath what is now known as Mount Aetna. Mount Olympus and the reign of Zeus were saved thanks to Athena. Even though she was as modest as Artemis and Hestia, the other virgin goddesses, Athena was far more generous. A man called Tiresias chanced upon Athena while she was taking a bath and she was startled to realize that he had entered the room and seen her. Not wanting to kill Tiresias for his foolishness, she laid her hands over his eyes and blinded him, but gave him inward sight so that Tiresias became one of the most well-known oracles in Greece. One of the few times that Athena showed irritability was in her weaving contest against the mortal named Arachne. Arachne thought she was the best weaver there Athena felt very disrespected and took on the appearance of an old woman and showed up at Arachnes house to give her some friendly advice to respect the gods. Arachne was too vain to listen and told the old woman to be gone. Let the great Athena try her skill against mine, and if I lose she can do whatever she pleases with me, she boasted. Thats when Athena dropped her disguise and revealed her true identity. All the bystanders fell to their knees in reverence except for Arachne, who was unmoved. The two began their weaving contest, and for a while Arachne held her own against Athena, even poking fun at the gods through the tapestry she crafted, but finally Athena had enough and touched the presumptuous mortal on the forehead, making her feel her shame. Horrified at the realization of her vanity, Arachne ran off and hung herself from a tree. Feeling sorry for the hanging of Arachne, Athena brought her back to life, but so that mortals learn that it doesnt pay to compare themselves to the gods, she changed Arachne into a spider. There she its, her and her descendents, forever weaving their web, testament to the folly of vanity. Athens was named after Athena and she became its protector after a dispute with her uncle, Poseideon, the god of the sea. Both Athena and Poseidon really liked a certain city on the coast of Greece, and both of them claimed ownership. Finally, to solve the dispute, it was agreed that whoever could present the city with the best gift would forever be patron. Athena and Poseidon went to the Acropolis, where Poseidon struck the cliff side with his mighty trident. A spring welled up, which amazed and impressed the citizens. However, the spring was salt ater, so it wasnt really of much use to anyone. Athena then presented the people with a simple olive tree. Although it wasnt as impressive as a spring, it was far more useful, because it presented the people with oil, food, and even wood. In thanks, they named the city Athens. Some people in Greece still worship Athena and pay homage to her at the Acropolis. Athena was the virgin goddess. She was also called Athena Parthenos. Parthenos meant virgin. This is where the Parthenon came from. The Parthenon temple was built to honor the virgin goddess. Although she was a virgin there are stories about her son, Erichthonius. Erichthonius was born of the sperm of Hephaestus, Athenas brother.

Body Image of Women in America Essay -- Self Image Eating Disorders He

Eleven million women in the United States suffer from eating disorders - either self-induced semi-starvation (anorexia nervosa) or a cycle of bingeing and purging with laxatives, self-induced vomiting, or excessive exercise (bulimia nervosa) (Dunn, 1992). Many eating disorder specialists agree that chronic dieting is a direct consequence of the social pressure on American females to achieve a nearly impossible thinness. The media has been denounced for upholding and perhaps even creating the emaciated standard of beauty by which females are taught from childhood to judge the worth of their own bodies (Stephens & Hill, 1994). To explore the broader context of this controversial issue, this paper draws upon several aspects on how the media influences young women’s body image. This paper examines an exploration of the prevalence and the source of body dissatisfaction in American females and considers existing research that presents several important aspects regarding the nature o f the connection between advertising and body dissatisfaction. From these distinctions, it will be shown that the media has a large impact on women’s body image and that the cultural ideal of a thin body is detrimental to the American female’s body perception that often results in poor eating pathologies. Body image can be defined as an individual’s subjective concept of his or her physical appearance. Body image involves both a perceptual and attitudinal element. The self-perceptual component consists of what an individual sees or thinks in body size, shape, and appearance. A disturbance in the perceptual element of body image is generally reflected in a distorted perception of body size, shape, and appearance. The attitudinal component reflects how we feel about those attributes and how the feelings motivate certain behavior (Shaw & Waller, 1995). Disturbances in the attitudinal element usually result in dissatisfaction with body appearance (Monteath & McCabe, 1997). Perceptions about body images are shaped from a variety of experiences and begin to develop in early childhood. It has been shown that children learn to favor thin body shapes by the time they enter school (Cohn & Adler, 1992). Gustafson, Larsen, and Terry (1992) reported that 60.3 percent of fourth grade girls w anted to be thinner, and the desire for less body fat was significantly associated with an increase occurre... ...ge something about themselves. For many people, the desire to change involves something about their physical appearance. Body image is something that influences everyone. Body image affects people of all ages, both males and females. However, in the United States females are in particular, more conscious about looking good. For some their happiness and self-worth are largely determined by their body image. Whether or not their body size, body shape, measurements, and so on match society’s ideals determine how satisfied they are with themselves. In many cases, appearance becomes more important to the female than one’s health and well being. The media has been responsible for promoting a standard of beauty that in most cases is unattainable to many woman and unhealthy to most people. However, due to the effect of poor body image influenced by several factors women fall prey to this cultural ideal of thinness. The impact that the media has on women’s body image is generally poor and often detrimental to their perception of their body image. This poor perception can cause several vulnerabilities in woman including the need to create poor eating pathologies to achieve this ideal.

Language Modes Essay

Language arts is the term typically used by educators to describe the curriculum area that includes four modes of language: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Language arts teaching constitutes a particularly important area in teacher education, since listening, speaking, reading, and writing permeate the curriculum; they are essential to learning and to the demonstration of learning in every content area. Teachers are charged with guiding students toward proficiency in these four language modes, which can be compared and contrasted in several ways. Listening and speaking involve oral language and are often referred to as primary modes since they are acquired naturally in home and community environments before children come to school. Reading and writing, the written language modes, are acquired differently. Although children from literate environments often come to school with considerable knowledge about printed language, reading and writing are widely considered to be the school’s responsibility and are formally taught. A different way of grouping the language modes is according to the processing involved in their use. Speaking and writing require constructing messages and conveying them to others through language. Thus they are â€Å"expressive† modes. Listening and reading, on the other hand, are more â€Å"receptive† modes; they involve constructing meaning from messages that come from others’ language. (For those who are deaf, visual and spatial language modes–watching and signing–replace oral language modes. When one considers how children learn and use language, however, all of these divisions become somewhat artificial. Whatever we label them, all modes involve communication and construction of meaning. In effective language arts teaching, several modes are usually used in each activity or set of related activities. For example, students in literature groups may read literature, discuss it, and write about it in response journals. In 1976 Walter Loban published a study of the language growth of 338 students who were observed from kindergarten through grade twelve. He found positive correlations among the four language modes both in terms of how students developed competency in each, and of how well students ultimately used them. His study demonstrated the inter-relationships among the four language modes and influenced educators to address and more fully integrate all four of them in classrooms. Models of Language Arts Instruction Many changes in language arts instruction have taken place in American schools since 1980. To understand these changes, one must be conversant with the three basic models that have given rise to variations in language arts curriculum over the years: the heritage model, the competencies model, and the process or student-centered model. Each model constitutes a belief system about the structure and content of instruction that leads to certain instructional approaches and methods. The heritage model, for example, reflects the belief that the purpose of language arts instruction is to transmit the values and traditions of the culture through the study of an agreed-upon body of literature. It also focuses on agreed-upon modes and genres of writing, to be mastered through guided writing experiences. The competencies model, on the other hand, emanates from the belief that the chief purpose of language arts instruction is to produce mastery of a hierarchy of language-related skills (particularly in reading and writing) in the learner. This model advocates the teaching of these skills in a predetermined sequence, generally through use of basal readers and graded language arts textbooks in which the instructional activities reflect this orientation. The majority of adults in this country probably experienced elementary level language arts instruction that was based in the competencies model, followed by high school English instruction that primarily reflected the heritage model. Instruction in both of these models depends heavily on the use of sequenced curricula, texts, and tests. The third model of language arts instruction, the process model, is quite different from the other two models. The curriculum is not determined by texts and tests; rather, this model stresses the encouragement of language processes that lead to growth in the language competencies (both written and oral) of students, as well as exposure to broad content. The interests and needs of the students, along with the knowledge and interests of the teacher, determine the specific curriculum. Thus reading materials, writing genres and topics, and discussion activities will vary from classroom to classroom and even from student to student within a classroom. Authentic† assessment is the rule in these classrooms, that is, assessment that grows from the real language work of the students rather than from formal tests. Clearly the process model leads to more flexible and varied curriculum and instruction than the other two models. While the heritage and competencies models have come under criticism for being too rigid and unresponsive to student differences, the process model has been criticized as too unstructured and inconsistent to dependably give all students sufficient grounding in language content and skills. In actuality, teachers of language arts generally strive to help their students develop proficiency in language use, develop understanding of their own and other cultures, and experience and practice the processes of reading and writing. Thus it seems that the three models are not mutually exclusive. They do, however, reflect different priorities and emphases, and most teachers, schools, and/or school systems align beliefs and practices primarily with one or another model. Focus on Outcomes From a historical perspective, marked shifts in language arts instruction have taken place. In the early twentieth century, textbooks and assigned readings, writing assignments, and tests came to dominate the language arts curriculum. Instruction was characterized by a great deal of analysis of language and texts, on the theory that practice in analyzing language and drill in â€Å"correct† forms would lead students to improved use of language and proficiency in reading, writing, and discourse. Instruction was entirely teacher-driven; literature and writing topics were selected by the teacher; spelling, grammar, and penmanship were taught as distinct subjects; and writing was vigorously corrected but seldom really taught in the sense that composition is often taught today. In the 1980s a shift toward the process model emerged in the works of many language arts theorists and the published practices of some influential teachers including Donald Graves, Lucy M. Calkins, and Nancie Atwell. In 1987 the National Council of Teachers of English and the Modern Language Association sponsored a Coalition of English Associations Conference. Educational leaders from all levels came together at the conference to discuss past and present language arts teaching and to propose directions and goals to guide the teaching of language arts in the years leading up to and moving into the twenty-first century. The conference report specified the ideal outcomes of effective language arts instruction, in terms of the language knowledge, abilities, and attitudes of students. These outcomes were largely process oriented, as illustrated by the following examples of outcomes for students leaving the elementary grades, as reported by William Teale in Stories to Grow On (1989): * They will be readers and writers, individuals who find pleasure and satisfaction in reading and writing, and who make those activities an important part of their everyday lives. * They will use language to understand themselves and others and make sense of their world. As a means of reflecting on their lives, they will engage in such activities as telling and hearing stories, reading novels and poetry, and keeping journals. Principles to guide curriculum development evolved from the conference participants’ agreed upon student outcomes, and, like the outcomes, the principles were broad and process-focused. For example, two of the original principles are: Curriculum should evolve from a sound research knowledge base and The language arts curriculum should be learner-centered. Elaborations on these and other curriculum goals deviated from earlier recommendations in that they included classroom-based ethnographic research, or action research, as well as traditional basic research in the knowledge base that informs the teaching of language arts. There was also agreement that textbooks serve best as resources for activities, but that the most effective language arts curricula are not text driven; rather they are created by individual teachers for varying communities of students.

“Pandemic or Panic” (2010) by Brian Molloy Analysis

In the article â€Å"Pandemic or Panic† (2010) by Brian Molloy and the article â€Å"Hindsight is easy† (2010) by Erica Grove, they both discuss the way WHO response to the outbreak of H1N1 influenza and they present different perspectives on how the money was spent on and how the resource was distributed. Molloy is neutral about the WHO’s response of H1N1 influenza outbreak, while Molloy is highly skeptical. First, Molloy argues that WHO send everyone into a panic about H1N1, but it is not the threat people imaged it to be.Grove, however, states that it is necessary for the WHO and the government to take  the threat of H1N1 seriously. Next, Molloy claims that British government spend a lot of money on vaccine which makes two major pharmaceutical companies earn billions from swine flu, and there is a conflict of interest between the government and drug manufactures. He believes that this money should be spent on a right situation like helping disable instead of treating flu. Grove also believes that there is a mismanagement of the distribution of vaccine. Discussion: Molloy claims that the WHO and the government spends massive expenditure on doses of vaccine, while the death rate  for H1N1 is far low than for ordinary influenza.He criticizes the reports of H1N1 cases are exaggerated which send people into a panic about H1N1. By contrast, Grove states that the WHO did not overreact to the crisis. Rather, she feels grateful that the authorities took the threat of a pandemic seriously. She also points out that everything is always better to overprepare than to underprepare. Molloy appears to have overlooked that the powerful of virus can be. In fact, there are a couple of factors like infectivity, severity and lethality which can all affect the strength of a virus.Transmission is also a key factor to determine how the virus spread and be identified. As Molloy mentions that the death rate for H1N1 is relatively low than for ordinary pandemi c, it does not mean that H1N1 is a weak influenza. Perhaps the low death rate is due to early trace the source, infected people are well isolated from the rest of the community in order to control the spread of H1N1, or synthesis of a new vaccine by scientists in a short period of time. These could be one of the reasons of why the death rate for H1N1 is low. In this sense, Molloy fail to notice that.